Week 2: ISD Models

INTRODUCTION

ISD is a valuable toolbox that provides proven methods for building effective solutions and outcomes. As you learn about ISD, don't get hung up on a specific model; rather, use what you learn to understand systems thinking and how it can benefit you. When using components of ISD, you may need to bypass steps, switch steps, modify steps, or include steps of your own as you work through a project. Our clients often need quick and ingenious solutions, not a strict framework. In other words, when using ISD models, CSI's motto should be: "We provide solutions!" not "We follow the ISD model" (adapted from Clark, 2007). Source: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/isd/design_science.html
The steps in each ISD phase should not be thought of as concrete in nature. The dynamic nature of ISD is such that one step does not necessarily have to be completed before the next one is started, hence the dashed-arrows in the diagram below (Clark, 2007). Perhaps the most common model used for creating instructional materials is the ADDIE Model. Most of the current instructional design models are variations of this model. This acronym stands for the five phases that are used to think systematically and strategically when developing and designing the types of projects we do in CSI. This brief overview is the beginning of understanding the field of ISD.

ISD MODELS

There are different ISD models from which to choose; however, the ADDIE model is a good place to begin to understand the details of how ISD works. First, take the time to get acquainted with the ADDIE model by reviewing the information below. Then, take a tour of the list of other ISD models provided in the next section to see for yourself the differences in model design and how they accommodate project types and perspectives. In your review of other models, note that in most cases, analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation are key to ISD no matter which model is applied.

The ADDIE instructional design model provides a step-by-step process that assists specialists in planning and designing projects of all types. The ADDIE model revolves around the following five phases [also referred to as stages and components]. These five stages of the ADDIE model encompass the entire training development process, from the time someone first asks, "What do people need to learn?" all the way to the point where someone actually measures, "Did people learn what they needed?" Source: http://www.intulogy.com/addie/

Image source: http://www.skagitwatershed.org/~donclark/hrd/isd/design_science.html

Review each of the five phases of the ADDIE model listed below and then click on each link to get more detailed information about each phase. As you review these phases, consider how you have used them in your CSI projects.

Analysis
  • Project plan
  • Needs assessment
  • Audience analysis
  • Content analysis
  • Technical analysis and media tool authoring selection
  • Structure and organization of content
Design
  • Learning objectives
  • Designing the lessons
  • Evaluation design
  • Media treatments
Develop
  • Authoring and integration of media elements
  • Electronic prototypes testing
  • Courseware ready for implementation
Implement
  • Distribution
  • Reporting and tracking
  • Maintenance
Evaluate all phases and outcomes

MORE MODELS

Take a moment to review the brief descriptions of the following models and note their differences. While reviewing the descriptions, consider what might work with your perspective or a particular project. Feel free to choose one of these models for your assignment.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
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